Blockchain
Gas Fee Sponsorship in Account Abstraction: Paymasters, Limits, and Privacy
Understand who covers the costs behind "gasless" transactions, the applicable conditions, potential…
EXPLORE 977BTC
Blockchain
Read the basics of blockchain, block explorers and on-chain transactions, and understand the technical boundaries, data sources and actual use risks.
Blockchain
How Long Are Layer 2 Blob Data Retained? Distinguishing Between Availability and Historical Archiving
Understand the lifecycle of Blob data; avoid conflating "temporarily available," "historically retr…
Blockchain
Interpreting ERC-4626 Vault Shares: Assets, Shares, and Rounding Risks
Understand the distinction between vault assets and shares; verify previewed values, limits, and th…
Blockchain
The Three Roots in a Block Header: What Do the Transaction, Receipt, and State Roots Verify?
Understand the purpose of the transaction root, receipt root, and state root—and avoid mistaking a…
Blockchain
Why Is Gas Still Deducted for Failed Ethereum Transactions? Execution Rollbacks and Fee Settlement
Distinguish between failure receipts, state rollbacks, gas consumption, and platform refunds to cor…
Blockchain
Blockchain finality models: confirmations and economic finality
This editorial guide explains “Blockchain finality models: confirmations and economic finality” for…
Blockchain
Cross-chain token contract checks: same name is not same asset
This editorial guide explains “Cross-chain token contract checks: same name is not same asset” for…
Blockchain
Layer 2 sequencer risk: state, downtime and exit paths
This editorial guide explains “Layer 2 sequencer risk: state, downtime and exit paths” for overseas…
Blockchain
Reading smart-contract event logs: topics, indexes and sources
This editorial guide explains “Reading smart-contract event logs: topics, indexes and sources” for…